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Zen, in its original Chinese form of Ch'an Buddhism, was greatly influenced by Taoist thought, which stressed that Tao (or later, Buddha-nature) resides in all things, but that this reality could not be taught because it is beyond duality and conceptualization. In Zen, too, essential truth is incommunicable-enlightenment and salvation are sought in immediate experience and spiritual peace, and the Absolute is found in the phenomenal world. Zen emphasizes that all human beings originally possess the Buddha-nature within themselves and need only the actual experience of it to achieve enlightenment (satori). This is a state that is seen as liberation from man's intellectual nature, from the burden of fixed ideas and feelings about reality. "Zen always aims at grasping the central fact of life, which can never be brought to the dissecting table of the intellect". Those who are enlightened cannot explain this ultimate truth, which is both radically simple and self-evident but beyond the ordinary duality of subject and object. It cannot be conveyed in books, words, concepts, or teachers but must be realized by immediate and direct personal experience.
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The Japanese Mind
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